Two main tests I perform. The first is to check the power LED. If it turns on, that's likely a bad thing. That means that there is NOT a short on the 3.3v line. This is bad because most of the logic runs on this circuit, so if this circuit is getting the proper voltage (at an acceptable current - at least 1.5A, I believe) but nothing is happening, boom. Dead.
Second check is to turn it on and just put a hand on the RCP and CPU. If they heat up abnormally quickly and get rather hot, also dead.